Essay on Psychological Explanations of One Anxiety Disorder

Psychological Explanations of One Anxiety Disorder Phobias are an example of an anxiety disorder and the psychological explanations of these are cognitive, psychodynamic, behavioral and social factors. The Behavioral, Psychodynamic and social factors of the psychological explanation will be discussed in greater detail. Behavioral explanations say that all behaviour is learnt whether it is normal or abnormal and this approach has been applied to humans and animals. There are three theories that make up the behaviorist approach, which are classical and operant conditioning, Social Learning and information transmission. Classical conditioning is concerned with a classical, neutral and conditioned†¦show more content†¦For example if a child sees its mother reacting in a fearful way towards a spider they too will react in that particular way. Evidence for this comes from Bandura who observed the reactions of fake electrical shocks been given with a buzzer. Maneeka found that when mothers reacted to snakes in a bad way the child developed a phobia of snakes in later life. There are demand characteristics with this research, as the researchers will be expecting a particular outcome and the people may already have a fear of a particular object or situation. Also the outcomes cannot be applied t o every phobia i.e. claustrophobia therefore it is limited. Information Transmission is the last theory for the psychological explanations of phobias. This is when fear producing information about the phobic object leads to the development of the particular phobia. Ost (1985) described the case of a woman who was a severe snake phobic. She had been told repeatedly about the dangers of snakes and had been strongly encouraged to wear rubber boots to protect herself. Consequently she wore the boots wherever she went. However Merckelbach (1996) argued on the basis of the evidence that claustrophobia or fear of enclosed spaces rarely occurs as a result of Information Transmission. The Psychodynamic approach is based on the Id, Ego and Superego, the conflict between the Id and the Superego and also childhoodShow MoreRelatedOcd Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesPsychology Homework Compare and contrast 2 or more explanations of any 1  anxiety disorder (30 marks) The anxiety disorder I shall explain is known as Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). As the name suggests, obsessive compulsive disorder is characterised by obsessions and compulsions. There are two explanations for this disorder; psychological and biological. The biological explanation of OCD focuses on genetics .i.e. role of certain chemical imbalances and family increasing likelihood of developingRead MorePsychological Disorders1154 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological Disorder July, 20, 2011 Psychological Disorder Paper Psychological disorders are stated to be abnormalities of the mind, known as mental disorders (Klasco, 2011). Abnormalities of the mind cause persistent behaviors that affect an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s daily function and life (Klasco, 2011). The different types of psychological disorders include mood disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders, and eating disorders (Klasco, 2011). The causes of these disorders are unknown, butRead MoreUnderstanding General Anxiety Disorder And Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1616 Words   |  7 PagesNina Haber Understanding General Anxiety Disorder and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Nina Haber Hunter College, The City University of New York As many as 4% of the US population have symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in any given year, and ~6% at some time during their lives (Comer 2004.) This disorder is a personality disorder that literally takes over someone’s life. It interferes with social, occupational, and other areas of important daily functioning. In orderRead MoreEssay on Generalized Anxiety Disorder1575 Words   |  7 PagesRachel suffers from generalized anxiety disorder. She lives with her two college-age daughters in a dangerous neighborhood on the south side of Chicago. Rachel only leaves the house typically between two and four times a month, usually to get her monthly haircut, gets a few items at the grocery store, or goes see her primary doctor. Whenever she needs something, food or otherwise, she has one of her daughters go do it for her. In the past two years, she has held one job for less than a month. HerRead MoreCompare and Contrast the Main Principles in Any Two of the Following psychological Therapies: Psychoanalysis, Behavior Therapy, Cognitive Therapy or Humanistic Therapy1584 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Compare and contrast the main principles in any two of the followingPsychological therapies: psychoanalysis, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy or humanistic therapy.† Over the detritus of centuries, mental illnesses (such as anxiety, depression and personality disorder) have been a major contentious topic, especially in the medieval times in which religion centered, cultural and traditional influenced people deemed these exhibiting symptoms of psychopathology as demonic possessions (Davey, 2011)Read MoreCh. 15-16 Assignment: an Introduction to the History of Psychology, 6th Ed. by Hergenhahn1711 Words   |  7 Pagesdiminishing anxiety, depression, and other distressing physiological states, changing undesirable behavioral patterns, and promoting effective functioning and positive personal growth. While all versions of psychotherapy would ideally help the sufferer, this is often not the case (p. 489). 4. Describe what therapy would be like if it were based on the psychological model of mental illness, on the supernatural model, and on the biological model. Treatments based on the psychological approach oftenRead MoreDiscuss What Makes the Psychodynamic Approach Unique. Refer to Other Approaches in Your Answer. (12 Marks)1115 Words   |  5 Pagesmaking each approach unique.’ Discuss what makes the psychodynamic approach unique. Refer to other approaches in your answer. (12 marks) In terms of human behaviour, psychology provides alternative perspectives, known as approaches, which give explanation to human behaviours. What makes each approach unique is that they all have their own focal points for how to explain behaviour. For example, the biological approach looks to the evolutionary processes and gene mutations/hormone levels, whilst theRead MorePsychological And Biological Explanations Of Depression1534 Words   |  7 PagesMajor depression is a commonly diagnosed psychological disorder affecting individuals’ ability to feel happiness and peace of mind. Those who suffer experience negative emotions, lack of motivation, changes in behaviour and dysfunctional cognitive symptoms. Depression is classified by the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as five of more of the listed symptoms present persistently over the same two weeks. One of these symptoms must be depressed mood or lossRead MorePsychological Disorders Presentation1390 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS PRESENTATION Psychological Disorders Presentation Debra Baker University of Phoenix Introduction to Behavioral Science BEH/225 Katherine Malish June 23, 2010 Psychological Disorders Presentation For many millennia psychological disorders, also called mental disorders have been misunderstood. Used to, people suffering from such disorders were thought to be demonically possessed or they were accused of being a witch. Many of these unfortunateRead MoreInfant Attachment Styles and General Anxiety Disorder in Adults1373 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment styles and general anxiety disorder in adults Purpose The purpose of this study is to look at the relationship between infant attachment styles and psychological wellbeing, with general anxiety as a measure of psychological wellbeing. This study will use an adult sample that will go through psychological tests to determine what attachment style each individual had when they were infants. After establishing their attachment styles their general anxiety levels will be tested. The results

In Field Flow Lines Of Oil Fields Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

As oil Fieldss mature, smaller â€Å" in-field † flow-lines used alternatively of big diameter bole pipes. The little diameter grapevines normally installed by reel-lay techniques. In this technique the grapevine to be laid is manufactured in a uninterrupted length on board of the pipelaying vas and so spooled onto a big reel. We will write a custom essay sample on In Field Flow Lines Of Oil Fields Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the pipelaying procedure the grapevine is normally straightened and passed over an inclined incline. Tensioners and/or clinchs are used for keeping the antecedently launched ( Joop Rodenburg et Al. Patent application rubric: Marine Pipelaying System and Method for Installing an Offshore Pipeline That Includes One or More Accessories ) . This method normally used in little diameter but requires thicker walled pipe to avoid local buckling during bending and unbending procedure ( M.F. Bransby et a l. ) . Offshore grapevines are buried beneath the ocean floor for protection against angling activity icebergs scouring and to supply on bottom stableness and bettering thermic insularity of the grapevine system. There is extended usage of little diameter, stiff steel grapevines within the seaward oil and gas industries to transport trade goods from their point of recovery to the shore ( or to other installings ) . Burial of these grapevines beneath the ocean floor is necessary for safety, operational and environmental concerns, e.g. bar of harm from angling vass, iceberg protection, on bottom stableness and betterment of the thermic belongingss of the grapevine system. Since grapevines are laid in remote and potentially hostile environments, frequently at great H2O deepness, the cost of puting and keeping the grapevine can be highly high, in footings of the existent work required, equipment mobilisation times and costs, and reduced end product. Therefore, offshore inhumed grapevines must be constructed as rapidly and expeditiously as possible, whilst keeping the highest degree of certainty against failure for the continuance of their usage. To accomplish high flow rates in grapevines, the gas or oil must be kept at high temperature and force per unit area. Normally, these grapevines are laid with close zero axial tonss, at the ambient temperature. On warming, the grapevine will see important axial strain, which is resisted by seabed clash so that compressive forces addition in the pipe. These compressive forces are on occasion big plenty to bring on perpendicular upheaval ( upheaval buckling ) of trenched lines, with the pipe emerging from the dirt or going significantly distorted, so that its ability to defy farther burden is compromised. Upheaval clasping may go on on start-up or as a progressive turbulence clasping during operation. These phenomena are due to cyclic conditions brought approximately by chilling and heating due to line breaks, which bit by bit ‘ratchet ‘ the pipe upwards, or from initial ballad imperfectness ( or a combination of the two ) . The dirt above the grapevine and the floaty weigh t provide opposition to this uplift force and the embedment deepness must be sufficient to forestall the perpendicular pipe motion from happening ( see Figure 1 ) . Among legion reported instances of upheaval buckling, the 17 kilometer long â€Å" Rolf A † to â€Å" Gorm E † grapevine in North Sea could be mentioned which has been reported ab initio in July 1986 one-year study and subsequently in September 1986 as a comprehensive out of straightness study ( M.F. Bransby et a l. ) . Impinging and burial is typically achieved by specialized H2O jetting, plowing and cutting equipment. Knowledge of the in situ mechanical belongingss ( before and following impinging operation ) of these dirts is highly of import for the design of inhumed grapevine systems ; burial techniques can bring forth considerable perturbation to the construction of seabed deposits, taking to alterations in their behavior. Perturbation of the ocean floor in the locality of the trench depends on the dirt type and province, and the manner of operation of the trencher. Ploughed soft and stiff clay backfill is lumpy in nature with big balls of integral clay, making the heterogenous construction supplying a macro construction. Stiff clay is believed to be hydraulicly fractured and really soft or silty clay is liquefied. The exact behaviour between these two extremes is non clear yet. Homogeneity of the subsequent backfill will besides be a map of clip to commissioning of the grapevine ( Cathie et al.2005 â€Å" Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics: ISFOG 2005 – Gourvenec A ; Cassidy ( explosive detection systems ) A © 2005 Taylor A ; Francis Group, London, ISBN 0 415 39063 Ten † ) . The surfaces of the clay balls will be remoulded and soften due to exposure to free H2O during plowing. The nothingnesss between the balls will be filled with H2O, slurry and sand fractions if present. This double porousness stuff will consolidate much faster than a homogenous stuff consisting of purely integral stuff and a suited theoretical account for ca rry oning analysis of the consolidation procedure is that proposed by Yang and Tan ( 2005 ) and Wilson et al.1982. ( Yang, L.-A. , Tang. S.-A. A ; Leung, C.-F. ( 2002 ) . Geotechnicque 52, No. 10, 713-725 ) ( R.K. Wilson and E.C. Aifantis, On the theory of consolidation with dual porousness – II, Int J Eng Sci 20 ( 1982 ) , pp. 1009-10035. ) Of peculiar concern to industry are trenches that have been H2O jetted in soft powdered silt and clay dirts, due to the potency for important alterations in construction and the associated uncertainness of the trench backfill belongingss around the grapevine. A remotely operated tracked ‘trencher ‘ is driven over the ocean floor. The trencher has a series of noses mounted in frontward confronting jet-legs, which penetrate the ocean floor below. Water is pumped out of these jets at high force per unit area to destruct the construction of the clay, so the grapevine will drop into it. During jetting, the construction of the seabed dirt is likely to be broken down and may liquefy wholly, particularly where the initial undrained shear strength is less than 10 kPa or where there is a important per centum of silt. Hence undrained analyses are more appropriate in this instance. It is besides possible that some integral balls of clay could stay ( although these may be capable to some remoulding ) and these can increase the strength of the ensuing backfill. Determining the grade of liquefaction or hydraulic break and the conditions under which these phenomena occur is an country of ongoing research. In peculiar, the province of the backfill and strength addition will lend well as to whether drained or undrained conditions occur during upheaval clasping events due to the different drainage features of slurried and ‘lumpy ‘ backfill ( ref ***is it Cathie et al. , 2005? ) . Likewise, the resulting clip dependant backfill behaviour following jetting will be different ; both soil provinces will consolidate and derive strength bit by bit, but this will happen much faster in the ‘lumpy ‘ backfill ( ref *** is it Cathie et al. , 2005? ) . This is peculiarly important in dirts with a high per centum of clay where the consolidation procedure can take many months, particularly after full liquefaction. Due to recent involvement in the country of upheaval buckling, a figure of analytical and numerical theoretical accounts have been developed to foretell the perpendicular opposition to shriek motion provided by the dirt and grapevine system. These theoretical accounts incorporate assorted false failure mechanisms for the behavior of the soil-pipeline system during upwards gesture through the trench backfill. The theoretical accounts are preponderantly flat strain ( 2D ) representations that assume dirt distortion and failure surfaces that either extend to the seabed surface ( shallow ) or are to the full contained within the backfill stuff ( deep ) . The uplift capacity of the soil-pipeline system will depend on the geometry of this deforming system, the mobilised shear strengths and organic structure weights, the comparative rate of burden and the potency for withdrawal of the dirt to happen behind the pipe during upheaval. Scope of the thesis Despite the aforesaid organic structure of research bing in the literature, much confusion still exists as to the appropriate design parametric quantities and failure mechanisms involved for different instances. Existing design attacks assumes that deep failure does non happen for the trench deepnesss and grapevine geometries that are found in the field, nevertheless jumping malleability solutions based on the upheaval of strip ground tackles suggest that this may non needfully be the instance ( Merifield et al, 2001 ) .This research presents both numerical finite component survey and experimental survey that examines the opposition of slurried clayey dirts against upheaval buckling of inhumed grapevines. It has been conducted to measure the current state-of-the-art, to supply counsel for the design of inhumed grapevines for backfill dirts in this province and to clear up some of the facets of uncertainness in this subject. How to cite In Field Flow Lines Of Oil Fields Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Database Implementation and Queries

Questions: A. Understanding and Implementation of the DatabaseUsing the supplied schema file, create the database for CQR. The supplied file populates all tables to reflect the content of the artefacts provided in Assignment 1 and is a cut-down version of the practice at the close of business on 15th September 2014. . At this stage, you are to imagine what the state of the database would be at the close of business on the next day, subject to the requirements of this task, and all subsequent tasks.Write queries to find out the following: Find the unused structures e.g. there is one Superannuation client but no Partnership clients on the starter database. Find the unused sectors; Find the unrequested services; Find the unused billing cost types; Find domains for which there is none or only one current employee with that expertise; Find the minimum billing rate for each employee type for the most recent billing rate effective date;B. Test DataThis task will only be completed after you have finish ed this and all subsequent tasks. You should create a single script satisfy this sections requirements; satisfy the specific scenarios outlined below in section C; and where necessary provide meaningful data for the SQL queries specified in sectionD.Queries that are correct and do not produce output using your test data will lose 50% of the marks allocated so you should carefully check your test data and ensure it thoroughly validates your SQL queries. For example if a query asks to display the full details for all CLIENTS who have a TAS or a NT address then at least two rows are expected to be displayed. If the data provided in the supplied schema file does not do this you need to work out a way of doing that and include in your script file.There should be comments in the script to explain what is being done and to identify what parts of the assignment are being covered. The script should contain a single COMMIT statement as the last line of the script, i.e. all inserts should be treated as a single transaction. The data should be structured in such a way that once it has been inserted and the "commit" SQL command has been run, the database is in a consistent state.Specifically for this section, and using the information obtained from the previous section, you should add as a minimum: Three new clients. These clients should:o have a structure that has not been used yet;o operate in sectors that have not been used yet (but may include existing ones if they operate in more than one);o require services that have not been requested yet (but may include existing ones);o have one unique billing on cost type charged to them for the day; Two new employees one Accountant and one Administrator. They need to:o at least work in domains for which there is none or only one current employee with that expertise;o Have a billing rate the same as that of the same employee type with the minimum rate for that employee;C. Specific Scenarios Manipulate the DatabaseIn the follow ing section, the SQL scripts must correctly manage transactions. You should also ensure that any related data impacted by your script actions are correctly managed.1. A new accountant is to be added (assume it has not been updated from the HR system). His name is Matthias Window. He has expertise in Taxation and Corporate affairs and will be charged out at a rate of $160.00 per hour from today (16th September 2014).Include this new employee and his details on the CQR database. Assume that the employee number for this new employee is 1 more than the largest employee in the BILLINGEMPLOYEE table.2. His first work is to give some tax advice to an existing client who he thinks is Bill Wilson. He spends an hour from 8:30 doing so but cant find the service type code so creates a new one for donations and uses that. He then moves on to some research for half an hour for an existing client Richard Smith. In both cases he forgets to key in an end time.Include the details of this sequence of billing in the database.3. At 10:00 Matthias realises he actually worked for Bill Watson initially not Bill Wilson, that he should have used the communication code for that work and that he should have completed the times correctly.Include the details of these corrections in the database.4. Matthias is then tasked with completing a corporate return for 2 Boys Plumbing Pty. Ltd. He gets the time wrong and keys in 9:30am and spends 2 hours completing the return, updating the completion time to 11:30 when he is finished. As part of the process he raises an on-cost record for the lodgement fee ($110.00) for the return.Include the above changes in the database.5. Alan Counting reduces Matthias Windows billing rate by 25%.D. Querying of Database using SQL Statements1. Display the full details for all clients - the name details (firstname and lastname) should be shown in one column called 'Client Name' and the address details (street1, street2, city, state and postcode) in one column calle d Client Address'.2. Display the full details for all clients who have a TAS or a NT address.3. Display the full details for all service types in the CQR service type table which have the word 'advice' (upper or lowercase) in any of their columns. 4. Alan is considering what the effect of increasing the billing rate on all employees by 5% would be. Display the employee number, name, effective date and increased billing rate of all employees in CQR. 5. Display the full details for the cheapest billing employee provided by CQR. 6. Display the details of all clients for whom no billing on cost records exist for the current year (2014). Display in client concatenated firstname, lastname order. 7. Provide the total number of employees, total billing rate, average billing rate for the practice.8. Calculate the total charges, excluding on-costs per client for the month of September 2014.9. Display the employee number, client number, service ID and billingstarttime for service types of Advi ce or Communication type where the actual charge on any billing record is cheaper than $150 and the time duration is between 15 and 30 minutes. Order the list such that the billingrecords which are least expensive are listed first.10. For all clients currently in the CQR system, display details about the clients and those with sector records and those without sector records: for each client with sectors: display the string 'With sectors', the client number, client first name concatenated with the client last name, and the total number of sectors the client is involved in, and for each client without sector records: display the string 'Without sectors', the client number, client first name concatenated with the client last name, and the total number of sectors as a string of Not applicable.11. Display details of all employees (number, name) for whom billingrecords have been created when they are not identified as having that expertise i.e. those employees who have charged to a servic e that they do not have a domain record for. (2 marks)12. Select employee number and the distinct service from the billingrecords where any record for that service took in excess of 1 hour to complete. You should only display one employee number, service and description combination even when multiple records qualify.13. Display the structure details for which the smallest total billable activity (time) has been performed in the last month (17-08-2014 to 16-09-2014)14. Report the average number of billing records per employee per day. Answers: A. Understanding and Implementation of the Database Find the unused structures e.g. there is one Superannuation client but no Partnership clients on the starter database Query: SELECT * FROM structure WHERE StructureID NOT IN (SELECT StructureID FROM client); Find the unused sectors Query: SELECT * FROM Sector WHERE SectorID NOT IN (SELECT SectorID FROM ClientSector); Find the unrequested services Query: SELECT * FROM Service WHERE ServiceID NOT IN (SELECT ServiceID FROM ClientService); Find the unused billing cost types Query: SELECT * FROM BillingOnCostType WHERE BillingOnCostTypeID NOT IN (SELECT BillingOnCostTypeID FROM BillingOnCost); Find domains for which there is none or only one current employee with that expertise Query: SELECT * FROM Service WHERE ServiceID IN (SELECT ServiceID FROM EmployeeDomain WHERE EmployeeNumber IN (SELECT EmployeeNumber FROM EmployeeDomain GROUP BY EmployeeNumber HAVING COUNT(*)=0 OR COUNT(*)=1)); Find the minimum billing rate for each employee type for the most recent billing rate effective date Query: SELECT et.EmployeeType,ber.BillingRateEffectiveDate,MIN(ber.BillingRate) AS MinBillingRate FROM BillingEmployeeRate ber,Billing Employee be,EmployeeType et WHERE ber.EmployeeNumber=be.EmployeeNumber AND be.EmployeeType=et.EmployeeType GROUP BY et.EmployeeType,ber.BillingRateEffectiveDate order by ber.BillingRateEffectiveDate DESC limit 4; B. Test Data: INSERT INTO Client (ClientFirstName,ClientLastName, ClientStreet1, ClientStreet2,ClientCity,ClientState,ClientPostcode, ClientContact, ClientContactPhone,ClientTFN,ClientABN,ClientAddDate,StructureID, ClientLink) VALUES ('John','Smith','24, TT Ct','', 'Ararat','NT',3300,'Henry Micheal','09494038585','98494398438','949934892874','2015-01-01',1,168750); INSERT INTO Client (ClientFirstName,ClientLastName, ClientStreet1, ClientStreet2,ClientCity,ClientState,ClientPostcode, ClientContact, ClientContactPhone,ClientTFN,ClientABN,ClientAddDate,StructureID, ClientLink) VALUES ('Andrew','William','72, TT Ct','81 RR Ct','Gosfort','TAS',3302,'Nitin','4737445745','984324634634','9499342637565','2015-01-06',4,null); INSERT INTO Client (Client First Name, Client Last Name, ClientStreet1, ClientStreet2,ClientCity,ClientState,ClientPostcode, ClientContact, ClientContactPhone,ClientTFN,ClientABN,ClientAddDate,StructureID, ClientLink) VALUES ('Stephen','Oliver','90, MM Street','120 PP Ct','Morwell','NSW',4200,'Peter','834838403489','98438958934','773273459873','2015-01-12',7,124545); INSERT INTO ClientSector(ClientNumber,SectorID) VALUES ('168754',4); INSERT INTO ClientSector(ClientNumber,SectorID) VALUES ('168759',9); INSERT INTO ClientSector(ClientNumber,SectorID) VALUES ('168754',7); INSERT INTO ClientSector(ClientNumber,SectorID) VALUES ('16854',5); INSERT INTO ClientService (ClientNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (168754,'ADM'); INSERT INTO ClientService (ClientNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (168755,'CRP'); INSERT INTO ClientService (ClientNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (168756,'RCV'); INSERT INTO ClientService (ClientNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (145968,'AUD'); INSERT INTO ClientService (ClientNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (168750,'LIQ'); INSERT INTO ClientService (ClientNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (168752,'MGT'); INSERT INTO BillingOnCost (ClientNumber, BillingOnCostDate,BillingOnCostTypeID, BillingOnCostCharge) VALUES (168754,'2015-02-01',1,30); INSERT INTO BillingOnCost (ClientNumber, BillingOnCostDate,BillingOnCostTypeID, BillingOnCostCharge) VALUES (168755,'2015-01-25',3,60); INSERT INTO BillingOnCost (ClientNumber, BillingOnCostDate,BillingOnCostTypeID, BillingOnCostCharge) VALUES (168756,'2015-01-27',2,8); INSERT INTO BillingEmployee (EmployeeNumber,EmployeeName,EmployeeType) VALUES (102678,'George Queen',1); INSERT INTO BillingEmployee (EmployeeNumber,EmployeeName,EmployeeType) VALUES (102679,'Francis Peter',2); INSERT INTO EmployeeDomain (EmployeeNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (102677,'LIQ'); INSERT INTO BillingEmployeeRate(EmployeeNumber,BillingRateEffectiveDate,BillingRate) VALUES (102677,'2015-01-20',45); INSERT INTO BillingEmployeeRate(EmployeeNumber,BillingRateEffectiveDate,BillingRate) VALUES (102678,'2015-01-27',60); C. Manipulate the Database A new accountant is to be added (assume it has not been updated from the HR system). His name is Matthias Window. He has expertise in Taxation and Corporate affairs and will be charged out at a rate of $160.00 per hour from today (16th September 2014). Include this new employee and his details on the CQR database. Assume that the employee number for this new employee is 1 more than the largest employee in the BILLINGEMPLOYEE table. INSERT INTO BillingEmployee (EmployeeNumber,EmployeeName,EmployeeType) VALUES (102680,'Matthias Window',1); INSERT INTO BillingEmployeeRate(EmployeeNumber,BillingRateEffectiveDate,BillingRate) VALUES (102680,'2014-09-16',160); INSERT INTO EmployeeDomain (EmployeeNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (102680,'TAX'); INSERT INTO EmployeeDomain (EmployeeNumber,ServiceID) VALUES (102680,'CRP'); His first work is to give some tax advice to an existing client who he thinks is Bill Wilson. He spends an hour from 8:30 doing so but cant find the service type code so creates a new one for donations and uses that. He then moves on to some research for half an hour for an existing client Richard Smith. In both cases he forgets to key in an end time. Include the details of this sequence of billing in the database. INSERT INTO ServiceType (ServiceTypeID,ServiceTypeDescription,ServiceTypeNote) VALUES ('DONA','Donation','New Donation Scheme'); INSERT INTO BillingRecord (EmployeeNumber,BillingDate,ClientNumber,BillingStartTime,ServiceID,ServiceTypeID,BillingComment) VALUES (102680,'2014-09-16',168750,'08:30:00','TAX','DONA','New Plan'); INSERT INTO BillingRecord (EmployeeNumber,BillingDate,ClientNumber,BillingStartTime,ServiceID,ServiceTypeID,BillingComment) VALUES (102680,'2014-09-16',124545,'08:30:00','TAX','RSCH','Tax research'); At 10:00 Matthias realises he actually worked for Bill Watson initially not Bill Wilson, that he should have used the communication code for that work and that he should have completed the times correctly. Include the details of these corrections in the database. UPDATE CLIENT SET CLIENTLASTNAME='Watson' WHERE ClientNumber=168750; INSERT INTO BillingRecord (EmployeeNumber,BillingDate,ClientNumber,BillingStartTime,ServiceID,ServiceTypeID,BillingComment,BillingEndTime) VALUES (102680,'2014-09-16',168750,'10:00:00','TAX','COMM','Communications','11:00:00'); INSERT INTO BillingRecord (EmployeeNumber,BillingDate,ClientNumber,BillingStartTime,ServiceID,ServiceTypeID,BillingComment,BillingEndTime) VALUES (102678,'2014-09-16',168750,'06:00:00','TAX','COMM','Communications','06:20:00'); Matthias is then tasked with completing a corporate return for 2 Boys Plumbing Pty. Ltd. He gets the time wrong and keys in 9:30am and spends 2 hours completing the return, updating the completion time to 11:30 when he is finished. As part of the process he raises an on-cost record for the lodgement fee ($110.00) for the return. Include the above changes in the database. INSERT INTO BillingRecord (EmployeeNumber,BillingDate,ClientNumber,BillingStartTime,ServiceID,ServiceTypeID,BillingComment) VALUES (102680,'2014-09-16',168752,'09:30:00','CRP','MTNG','Communications') UPDATE BillingRecord SET BillingEndTime='11:30:00' WHERE EmployeeNumber=102680 AND BillingDate='2014-09-16' AND ClientNumber=168752; INSERT BillingOnCost (ClientNumber,BillingOnCostDate,BillingOnCostTypeID,BillingOnCostCharge) VALUES (168752,'2014-09-16',1,110); INSERT BillingEmployeeRate (EmployeeNumber,BillingRateEffectiveDate,BillingRate) VALUES ((SELECT EmployeeNumber FROM BillingEmployee WHERE EmployeeName='Alan Counting'),'2014-09-16',200*0.75); D. Querying of Database using SQL Statements 1. Display the full details for all clients - the name details (firstname and lastname) should be shown in one column called 'Client Name' and the address details (street1, street2, city, state and postcode) in one column called Client Address'. SELECT CONCAT(ClientFirstName , ' ' , ClientLastName) AS "Client Name", CONCAT(ClientStreet1,', ',IFNULL(ClientStreet2,''),', ',ClientCity,', ' ,ClientState,', ',ClientPostCode) AS "ClientAddress" FROM Client; 2. Display the full details for all clients who have a TAS or a NT address. SELECT * FROM Client WHERE ClientState='NT' OR ClientState='TAS'; 3. Display the full details for all service types in the CQR service type table which have the word 'advice' (upper or lowercase) in any of their columns SELECT * FROM ServiceType WHERE LOWER(ServiceTypeDescription) LIKE '%advice%' OR LOWER(ServiceTypeNote) LIKE '%advice%'; 4. Alan is considering what the effect of increasing the billing rate on all employees by 5% would be. Display the employee number, name, effective date and increased billing rate of all employees in CQR. SELECT be.EmployeeNumber,be.EmployeeName,CURDATE() AS "Latest Effective Date",ber.BillingRate*1.05 AS "Increasing the BillingRate" FROM BillingEmployee be, BillingEmployeeRate ber , (SELECT EmployeeNumber, MAX(BillingRateEffectiveDate) AS LatestBillDate FROM BillingEmployeeRate GROUP BY EmployeeNumber) mbe WHERE be.EmployeeNumber=ber.EmployeeNumber AND (be.EmployeeNumber=mbe.EmployeeNumber AND ber.BillingRateEffectiveDate=mbe.LatestBillDate); 5. Display the full details for the cheapest billing employee provided by CQR. SELECT emp.EmployeeNumber,emp.EmployeeName,emp.employeeType FROM BillingEmployee emp, (SELECT EmployeeNumber, MAX(BillingRateEffectiveDate) AS LatestBillDate,BillingRate FROM BillingEmployeeRate GROUP BY EmployeeNumber ORDER BY BillingRate LIMIT 1) ne WHERE emp.EmployeeNumber=ne.EmployeeNumber; 6. Display the details of all clients for whom no billing on cost records exist for the current year (2014). Display in client concatenated firstname, lastname order. SELECT * FROM Client WHERE ClientNumber NOT IN (SELECT ClientNumber FROM BillingOnCost WHERE YEAR(BillingOnCostDate) = 2014) ORDER BY CONCAT(ClientFirstName,ClientLastName); 7. Provide the total number of employees, total billing rate, average billing rate for the practice. SELECT COUNT( DISTINCT(EmployeeNumber)) AS "Total Employee", SUM(BillingRate) AS "Total Billing Rate",AVG(BillingRate) AS "Average Billing Rate" FROM BillingEmployeeRate; 8. Calculate the total charges, excluding on-costs per client for the month of September 2014. SELECT SUM(BillingOnCostCharge) AS "Total Cost Excluding September Client" FROM BillingOnCost WHERE YEAR(BillingOnCostDate)2014 AND MONTH(BillingonCostDate)9; 9. Display the employee number, client number, service ID and billingstarttime for service types of Advice or Communication type where the actual charge on any billing record is cheaper than $150 and the time duration is between 15 and 30 minutes. Order the list such that the billingrecords which are least expensive are listed first. SELECT EmployeeNumber,ClientNumber,ServiceID, BillingStartTime FROM BillingRecord WHERE ((BillingEndTime-BillingStartTime)/100 BETWEEN 15 AND 30 ) AND ServiceTypeID IN (SELECT ServiceTypeID FROM ServiceType WHERE ServiceTypeDescription='Advice' OR ServiceTypeDescription='Communication') AND EmployeeNumber IN (SELECT EmployeeNumber FROM BillingEmployeeRate WHERE BillingRate150); 10. For all clients currently in the CQR system, display details about the clients and those with sector records and those without sector records: for each client with sectors: display the string 'With sectors', the client number, client first name concatenated with the client last name, and the total number of sectors the client is involved in, and for each client without sector records: display the string 'Without sectors', the client number, client first name concatenated with the client last name, and the total number of sectors as a string of Not applicable. SELECT 'With Sectors',c.ClientNumber,CONCAT(c.ClientFirstName,', ',c.ClientLastName) AS "Client Name",COUNT(*) AS "Total Sector Involved" FROM Client c, ClientSector cs WHERE c.ClientNumber=cs.ClientNumber GROUP BY cs.SectorID UNION ALL SELECT DISTINCT 'Without Sectors',c.ClientNumber,CONCAT(c.ClientFirstName,', ',c.ClientLastName) AS "Client Name",'Not Applicable' AS "Total Sector Involved" FROM Client c WHERE c.ClientNumber NOT IN (SELECT ClientNumber FROM ClientSector csec,Sector s WHERE s.SectorID=csec.SectorID);

Longcomm Essay Research Paper How Some Black free essay sample

Longcomm Essay, Research Paper How Some Black Slaves were able to liberate themselves in Colonial America. The history of Blacks under the yoke of bondage is non a sort 1. Colonial ( A ) Latin America was the first and possibly the worst perpetratorin the offense of bondage. Brought from across the sea to work without wagesand to endure atrocious intervention the African component of Latin Americansociety lived a life of utmost diadvantage. Finally the restrictionsplaced upon Blacks and the step of bias against them lessened inseverity. These alterations in positions and attitudes came easy but certainly whenthe Blacks and Spanish Whites lived and worked in close propinquity with oneanother. Despite the wants of the Crown the people of White and Blackmixed together normally ( prof switched # 8220 ; mixed together # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; normally # 8221 ; . It was in the urban environment that this intermingling of peoples wasbound to go on and where Blacks enjoyed the most chances forfreedom. Black slaves in col onial Latin America suffered under extremeprejudice and institutionalised inequality. We will write a custom essay sample on Longcomm Essay Research Paper How Some Black or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Transplanted from theirhomeland and missing a common civilization or linguistic communication, Black slaves wereforcibly integrated into an oppressive Spanish Colonial society andeconomy. However, certain environments for Black slaves were lessoppressive than others. The urban landscape afforded Black with someopportunity to break their place i the Americas. Close contact withthe Spanish common man and the tremendous physical presence of Blacks, free andslave, gave many Black Americans the opportunity to lift out of bondage intoself finding. Lima, Peru was a premier illustration of this dynamic. Here Black slavelabor was in even higher demand than was usual for most of Latin Americadue to the highly high mortality rate of the Indian populations uponcontact with Euorpean and Afican disease. The Indians that survived werereluctant to go forth the small town after the utmost diminution in population andthe widespread maltreatment of the mita system. As a consequence, Black labour was i nmore demand than it of all time was and particularly in the urban Centres. BecauseLima was located in a mineral rich coastal country ( B ) the possible foreconomic development was huge if adequate labour could be found. Lima developed one of the largest populations in the New World withover half of its dwellers from the Black or Mulatto caste. The economyof Peru was administered and much of its concern and trades were performedin the capital metropolis of Lima. Lima was a busy coastal haven that linkedwith Pacific trade paths, processed cherished metals, defended the highseas against Dutch and Portuguese invasion, housed the disposal ofthe settlement, enjoyed a building roar and all of the other economicamenities associated with a turning city. The destitute province of the labour market in Lima provided Black slaveswith chances to larn skilled trades through apprenticeships andexperience. With labour in such high demand, slaveowners were more willingto provide their slaves with in ducements to work and to larn skillestrades. Better rewards, options to purchase freedom through a per centum of theirwages. The chance of eventual freedom and equal rewards strenghthenedblack economic independency and societal position. # 8220 ; # 8230 ; Slaves and freewomans in urban countries gained entree to most manual trades, despite prejudiced Torahs # 8230 ; These places in the urban economic system gaveslaves chances to gain and roll up money, which led to manumissionand the growing of a free black community. # 8221 ; The usage of Black labour, free or break ones back, was widespread throughoutthe settlement but particularly so in the urban countries. Crown corporations madeuse of Black skilled and unskilled slave labour. The Church besides saw thebenefits of utilizing black labour in for accomplishment required maps. Slaves were urgently nee ded to perform labor in nearly every aspect of Lima’seconomy except the most exclusive. Despite the fact that the presence ofBlacks in great quantities was necessary and welcomed by business theSpanish elite of the society remained apprehensive. The colonialgovernment were well aware of the possible problems that a large Blackpopulation in the city would have on their racial caste society. Laws werepassed that were intended to segregate the races and prevent race mixing. These laws could not control the tide of popular reality which was that theraces were already mixing and that the urban labor of Black people wasnecessary for the economy. Another characteristic of Peruvian slave labor was the existence inevery region and every craft of free black and mulatto workers employedalongside slaves. For the Black slave to know and come in regular contactwith Blacks who had freed themselves from enslavement must have beeninspirational for them. The existence of these role model for liberty musthave spurred an even greater resolve among Blacks to eventually secure ameasure of self-determination. Race mixture contributed greatly to the number of free coloredpeople. When the number of mixed race people escalated the strictimpositions of teh state soon became difficult to uphold. The mixture ofAfrican and Native was impossible to prevent despite the wishes of thecrown. Relations between white Spaniards, usually men, and blackmistresses were commonplace in the early colonial period. The resultingoffspring were in a state of legal ambiguity in the context of the slavecaste system. This was quite significant because they were a growingpercentage of the urban population. â€Å"In their eyes and in the view of society at large race mixture producedtypes who combined the worst defects and vices of both parents. So strongwas the prejudice that this view tended to become a self-fulfillingprophecy.† Despite this viewpoint urban slaves and colored people of mixedpare ntage were becoming more important to the society as a whole and morereadily acceptable to the white population. The seeming generosity of somemasters allowed black artisans to apply a portion of wages towards freedom. Slaveowners would lease out their slaves to certain businesses for profit. â€Å"Complex web of direct ownership, rentals, and self-employment made theslaves an extremely mobile and adjustable labor force.† While being of great benefit to business the increased numbers ofmestizos was testament to the fact that the Black population was alsoaccepted by a great number of Spanish peoples. Color was graduallybecoming less important in defining social status. The adherence toEuropean or Spanish culture and tradition was now becoming the yardstickfor social acceptance. Because a majority of the urban Black slaves wereemployed domestically a familiarity with Spanish culture already existedamong many Blacks. Despite the successes that some Urban Blacks could achieve, th emajority of the Black population, both urban and rural, suffered throughoutLatin America. The Urban environment was not a haven for Black people butat least it allowed for some of the Black population to become more thanjust slaves. The reality of the demographics and needs of businessdemanded the presence of Blacks in the urban landscape. The presence oflarge numbers of Blacks working and living in close proximity to theSpanish commoner and the Spanish elite ran in direct conflict with thestate position on racial intermixing and racial prejudice. The position ofthe State was frequently ignored by the general populace in the face of thephysical reality. Slave ownership in Peru would become a model for all Spanish andmost of Portuguese America as well. The same pattern of Black urbanizationand social mixing was eventually experienced throughout Latin America.

How the Marine Corps Prepared Me to Self-Publish Novels

How the Marine Corps Prepared Me to Self-Publish Novels How the US Marine Corps Prepared Me to Self-Publish Matt Leatherwood is a former United States Marine and two-time self-published author. In this guest post, Matt shares how his experience in the Marine Corps inspired him to self-publish novels,  and how returning to the publishing industry after more than a decade-long hiatus has shaped him as an author.Growing up, I recognized I had a unique ability to capture people’s imaginations through the written word. Teachers in middle school and high school called it a â€Å"gift.† I just thought of it as a way to pass the time during boring classes. Once the bell rung, I couldn’t wait to share my latest creation with others. Mr. Bennett, my science teacher, recognized my talent and began reading my work out loud during study halls.For years, I was content with scribbling stuff down on paper, passing it around and getting a reaction. This habit followed me through high school, into college and eventually the Marines.Journaling my experiences in IraqI never wanted to be a writer. That changed on January 13th, 2003, the day my battalion commander stood before me and announced that the Secretary of Defense, acting on orders from the president, had issued our unit a deployment order for the Middle East. My initial thought was, â€Å"I’m going to war, and I’m gonna die.† My next thought was about how I had squandered my writing talent.A majority of my fellow Marines were disturbed by the news. The last time the United States deployed for an armed conflict on a mass scale was slightly over a decade ago (1991). Fear of the unknown was rampant whether anybody wanted to admit it or not. I resolved at that moment to keep a day-to-day journal of things as they unfolded on the ground. This journal tracked my movements from the U.S. to Kuwait into Iraq and back again.My motivation for the journal was to provide my family with a written record of what was going on as I experienced it should I perish - my mother would be most comforted for an in-depth explanation beyond the generic â€Å"killed in action† touted by the military.How the battlefield turned me into a writerI returned back to the U.S. on July 4th, 2003 and was honorably discharged several months later. I still had all the journals I had written but didn’t know what to do with them. It then dawned on me to turn them into a book that my family and others could read to understand the plight of the combat soldier. Those journals became Train to Baghdad, my first book.I had officially become a writer through extenuating circumstances. I can honestly say, if I had never gone to war, I would’ve never taken up writing. So, it is my contention that I was â€Å"drafted† into writing. "I  was drafted to war.  I was also drafted into writing." @M_LeatherwoodJr Why I gave up writing after my first attempt to self-publish novelsI worked daily for eight months, shaping my journals into the book "Train to Baghdad". Because the war was still being fought and I did not obtain clearance from the Department of Defense, I was forced into writing the book as a fictional memoir.Not knowing anything about fiction, apart from what I had learned by reading it myself, I enrolled in the novel-writing program at Winghill Writing School and spent thirteen months learning the craft from the bottom up. I was assigned an instructor, Canadian author Michael Crawley, who had some commercial success and we began working on the first ten chapters of what is now Complicity in Heels.Why self-publishing works for meWorking with Reedsy editor, Angela Brown was a joy. I followed her editorial letter religiously as I revised the manuscript of "Complicity in Heels". There were times when I realized my story had more holes than a slice of Swiss cheese. She brought up poin ts I had never even considered when constructing my story. I found myself often asking, "How could I have missed that?" She pushed me past my comfort zone as a writer.Despite my initial, challenging experience with self-publishing, the decision to self-publish my second book was quite easy. The choice felt right because of how it coincided with my Marine background. Self-reliance, discipline, and responsibility are in my blood. I thrive on challenge and adversity, both of which are involved when you self-publish. "I thrive on challenge and adversity, both of which are involved in self-publishing." For others, the traditional publishing route provides security and industry validation. However, both avenues come with a laundry list of pros and cons, so anybody just starting out would be best served to do their due diligence.Looking back on war and the importance of readingContrary to popular belief, there is a lot of dead time during a  war. I too held this misconception of nonstop action, until I found myself in a combat zone - I thought it would be constant engagement with the enemy. After all, that’s what all the movies show: firefight after firefight.   Not so. There are long stretches of action-less time, depending on where you are on the battlefield. Books and mail from loved ones at home are much-desired staples that get you through those times.Often, you don’t know where you are, how long you’re going to be there, or what tomorrow looks like. Orson Scott Card’s  Ender’s Game series got me through those doldrums. I kept a fresh co py of his paperback in the cargo pocket of my uniform and toted that book wherever I went.On the battlefield, books and letters are lifelines. Back home, writing has given me a new path and self-publishing has allowed me to open a new chapter in life. "On the battlefield, books and letters are lifelines." @M_LeatherwoodJr "Complicity in Heels" is available on Amazon for Kindle and paperback. Find out more on Matt’s website!  What has inspired you to be a writer? How has self-publishing influenced you as an author? Leave your thoughts, experiences, or any questions for Matt  in the comments below.

The Afrikaans Medium Decree

The Afrikaans Medium Decree The South African Minister of Bantu Education and Development, MC Botha, issued a decree in 1974 that made the use of Afrikaans as a medium of instruction in black schools compulsory from Standard 5 onwards [from the last year of primary school to the last year of high school]. The African Teachers Association (ATASA) launched a campaign against the policy, but the authorities implemented it anyway. Northern Transvaal RegionRegional Circular Bantu EducationNorthern Transvaal (No. 4)File 6.8.3. of 17.10.1974To: Circuit InspectorsPrincipals of Schools: With Std V classes and Secondary SchoolsMedium of Instruction Std V - Form V1. It has been decided that for the sake of uniformity English and Afrikaans will be used as media of instruction in our schools on a 50-50 basis as follows:2. Std V, Form I and II2.1. English medium: General Science, Practical Subjects (Homecraft-Needlework-Wood- and Metalwork-Art-Agricultural Science)2.2 Afrikaans medium: Mathematics, Arithmatic, Social Studies2.3 Mother Tongue: Religion Instruction, Music, Physical CultureThe prescribed medium for these subject must be used as from January 1975.In 1976 the secondary schools will continue using the same medium for these subjects.3. Forms III, IV and VAll schools which have not as yet done so should introduce the 50-50 basis as from the beginning of 1975. The same medium must be used for the subjects relate d to those mentioned in paragraph 2 and for their alternatives. ...Your co-operation in this matter will be appreciated.(Sgd.) J.G. ErasmusRegional Director of Bantu EducationN. Transvaal Region ... The Deputy Minister of Bantu Education, Punt Janson, said: No, I have not consulted the African people on the language issue and Im not going to. An African might find that the big boss only spoke Afrikaans or only spoke English. It would be to his advantage to know both languages. Another official was quoted as saying: If students are not happy, they should stay away from school since attendance is not compulsory for Africans. The Department of Bantu Education said that because the government paid for black education, it had the right to decide on the language of instruction. In fact, only white education was totally subsidized by the government. Black parents in Soweto paid R102 (an average months wages) a year to send two children to school, had to buy textbooks (which were issued free in white schools), and had to contribute towards the cost of building schools.

Religion and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Religion and Society - Essay Example This led to the conclusion that Protestantism in Europe helped to shape capitalism thereby having a profound effect on economic systems across Europe. I hold the opinion that religion and economy are closely linked and both have a major contribution in the society. Religion affects how people relate with each other and themselves, thereby having a huge impact on the views, opinions and beliefs of individuals with regard to other activities that they are engaged in within their societies. These opinions, worldviews and beliefs are then transferred in business where people exchange goods and services using recognized media of exchange. Religious values such as love, respect, trust hard work and other doctrines such as salvation, sin and predestination also shape how people view ownership, use and disposal of property (Johnstone, 2007). Religion encourages people to be diligent and take care of the surroundings in a way that pleases the Supreme Being, through hard work. Max Weber, realizing the influence of religion on individuals sought to analyze how such influence affected how individuals perceived the economy and business in general. In his theory, Max Weber attempts to elucidate the emergence of Europe and its uniqueness as a dominant economic force globally. Protestantism forms the core of his theory on the origins of capitalism as a major economic model. Capitalism emerged in the 17th century; concurrently with the Protestant reformation, that was taking place in Europe (Johnstone, 2007). During this time, religion was very important to most people and had a lot of influence in their actions and ways of thinking. According to Weber, capitalism began from religion and not from any technological developments that had started springing in the society at the time. Calvinist religions in Germany in particular were very fundamental in shaping the economic system in Germany and across Europe. Weber believed that the work ethic of